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1. Fiber and spinning, a collection of textile fiber types
D is an abbreviation of DENIER, which is a fine expression method of chemical fiber. It refers to the weight of 9000 meters of silk at the specified moisture regain rate, also known as the denier. The larger D, the thicker the yarn. eg: 75D is thicker than 50D.
S is the abbreviation of British branch, used for the fineness expression of pure cotton yarn, which refers to the number of 840 yards (1 yard = 0.9144 meters) length of one pound (454 grams) of cotton yarn. That is, there are several 840 yards. , is a few, so the bigger S, the finer the yarn. eg: 32S is thinner than 21S.
Textile fibre
★ (1) natural fiber
â—plant fiber
â—‹ Seed fibre: Cotton: mainly of upland cotton and sea island cotton, is the main natural fiber.
Kapok (kapok)
â—‹ bast fiber: Flax: Flax is a bast fiber of annual or perennial plants.
Hemp (Hemp) Ramie (Ramie) (China grass): the bark of the perennial plant of the genus Castor.
Jute: The bark fiber of the annual herb of the genus Jute.
â—‹leaf fibre: sisal hemp, Manila hemp
â—‹fruit fibre: coconut fibre
â—animal fibre Hair: Wool: mainly refers to sheep wool, which belongs to protein staple fiber.
Rabbit hair: mainly short fiber of protein produced by Angora rabbits and rabbits.
Camel hair: The fiber is thicker and is mainly used in industrial textiles.
Secretion: tussah silk: wild silk, filaments spit out of silkworms that feed on tussah silk.
Mulberry silk: silk which is sprinkled by silkworms that feed on mulberry leaves.
â—mineral fiber: asbestos fiber
★ (2) man-made fibre
â—‹Inorganic fiber: metal fiber, glass fiber, rock fiber slag fiber, etc.
(inorganic fiber: metal fiber, stone fiber, glass fiber, slag fiber, Etc.)
â—‹ Recycled fiber: Viscose fiber: viscose fibre, vicose rayon, viscose spun regenerated cellulose fiber.
Copper ammonia fiber: cuprammouium rayon, cellulose fiber regenerated by copper ammonia method.
Acetate fiber: acetate fiber, a derivative of cellulose fiber, belonging to semi-synthetic fiber rich fiber: polynosic, also known as "tiger kapok", a variety of viscose fiber.
â—‹ cellulose ester fiber: diacetate fiber, triacetate fiber
(Cellulose acetate-fiber: two-acetate fiber, three-acetate fiber)
â—‹ Artificial protein fiber: casein fiber, zein fiber, soybean protein fiber, etc.
(corn protein fiber, pea protein fiber)
★(3)synthetic fibre OR (chemical fiber)
â— Polyester fiber (dimethyl terephthalate): Polyester (PET) is represented by T.
(polyethylene terephthalate:polyester)
â— Polyamide fiber: Nylon (PA) is represented by N. Also known as nylon, nylon.
(polyamide, Nylon)
â— Polyacrylonitrile fiber: Acrylic fiber (PVN) is represented by A, which is called "Alon" abroad.
(polyacrylonitrile, Acrylic)
â—Polyolefin fiber: polypropylene (PP)
(Isotactic polypropylene)
â—Polyurethane fiber: spandex (OP)
(polyruethane elastomeric fiber; spandex)
â—Polyvinyl acetal fiber: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) V
(vinylon)
â—polyvinyl chloride: polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
(chlorofibre,polyvinyl chloride fibre)
â—Other fibers: aramid, vinyl, etc.
Attachment: Variety of polyester filament
Primary silk:
Undrawn yarn (conventional spinning) UDY
Semi-pre-oriented yarn (medium speed spinning) MOY
Pre-oriented yarn (high speed spinning) POY
Highly oriented yarn (Ultra High Speed ​​Spinning) HOY
Stretched wire:
Stretched wire (low speed drawing wire) DY
Fully drawn yarn (spinning one step method) FDY
Full take-up (spinning one-step method) FOY
Deformed wire:
Conventional textured yarn (DY)
Stretched textured yarn (DTY)
Air textured yarn (ATY)
Second, the nature and characteristics of textile fibers
1. Hygroscopic properties of fibers Hygroscopic properties The textile fibers are placed in the air and exchange steam with the air continuously. That is, the textile fibers continuously absorb the water vapor in the air, and at the same time continuously release water vapor into the air. The property of textile fibers to absorb or release moisture is referred to as the hygroscopicity of the fibers.
The hygroscopicity of textile fibers is one of the important physical properties of textile fibers. The hygroscopicity of textile fibers has a certain influence on the shape, weight and physical and mechanical properties of textile fibers, which also affects the processing and use properties. The size of the textile fiber's ability to absorb moisture also directly affects the wearing comfort of the fabric. The fiber with high hygroscopic ability absorbs the sweat discharged from the human body, regulates the body temperature, and relieves the feeling of dampness, thereby making people feel comfortable. Therefore, attention should be paid to the hygroscopic properties of fibers in commercial trade, fiber performance testing, textile processing and textile selection.
Among the common textile fibers, wool, hemp, viscose fiber, silk, cotton and the like have strong moisture absorption capacity, and the hygroscopic ability of synthetic fibers is generally poor. Among them, the absorption capacity of vinylon and nylon is slightly better, the acrylic fiber is worse, and the polyester is worse. Polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride are almost non-hygroscopic.
At present, synthetic fibers with poor hygroscopic ability are often blended with natural fibers or viscose fibers having strong hygroscopic ability to improve the moisture absorption capacity of the fabric.
In the hygroscopic property of the fiber, in addition to hygroscopicity, the water absorption of the fiber material is also closely related to the wearing comfort of the fabric to be taken. The water absorption of a fiber refers to the property of the fiber to absorb liquid water. The water vapor and sweat produced by people during activities mainly lead to the absorption and absorption of water, which is absorbed by the material and makes it feel comfortable.