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PBT fibers are formed by polycondensation of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) or terephthalic acid (TPA) with 1,4-butanediol. Using DMT and 1,4-butanediol at a higher temperature and vacuum, the polycondensation reaction is carried out with organotitanium or a tin compound and tetrabutyl titanate as a catalyst, followed by melt spinning, spinning, and post-spinning. The processing technology and equipment are basically the same as polyester.
PBT fiber has the characteristics of high strength, easy washing and quick drying, stable size and good shape retention. The most important thing is that the flexible part of the macromolecular chain is long, so it has large elongation at break, good elasticity and soft hand feeling. Although the elasticity of PBT fiber is not as large as that of spandex, the price is low, and the elasticity does not change much after being heated. Another excellent property of PBT fiber is that the dyeability is better than that of polyester. PBT fabrics can be dyed with disperse dyes under normal pressure boiling conditions to obtain satisfactory dyeing results. In addition, PBT fibers have better aging resistance and are also resistant to chemicals and heat.
China Textile Science and Technology Research Institute used DMT/BG as raw material for polymerization. PBT fiber grade slicing was obtained by low reaction temperature, low BG/DMT ratio and butanediol direct recycling process. The process flow is as follows.
(1) Low-speed spinning-direct drafting and one-shot, the product is PBT elastic yarn.
(2) Low-speed spinning and one-stretching, the product is PBT drafting wire and elastic yarn.
(3) High-speed spinning, one stretch and one elastic, the product is PBT elastic yarn.
PBT fibers that are easy to dye in stretch fabrics can be widely used in various elastic fabrics, such as sportswear, swimwear, bodybuilding suits, stretch denim, decorative fabrics for sofas and furniture, elastic bandages, elastic sewing threads, and the like. PBT fiber can also be made into blended fiber or composite fiber together with polyester, which is a good imitation wool and imitation feather material. It can also be made into porous hollow fiber, which has the characteristics of keeping warm, fluffy, breathable and comfortable, and can be used as a filling for clothing and bedding.
The most popular use of PBT fiber which is easy to dye in elastic fabrics is engineering plastics. Because of its high strength, good toughness and easy processing, it has been widely used in home appliance casings and machine parts. As a fiber product, it was first introduced in Japan in 1979. During my period, scientific research and chemical fiber companies developed the synthesis process and spinning technology of PBT fiber. Due to the unstable production and price of domestic butanediol, large-scale industrial production was affected.